• Habitats Directive
• Birds Directive
• European Protected Species (EPS) species
• Interpretation of EU wildlife law

Regulations via the ‘Habitats Directive’ regarding EPS animals came into effect in late 2007, as an amendment to WCA 1981. Typical examples affecting development sites on SPAs, SACs, and Ramsars include:

• Bats
• Great Crested Newt (GCN)
• Hazel Dormouse
• Otter
• Waterfowl